The role of human activities including industrial and domestic wastes during the restriction period was the main reason for alteration of pollution loads in the river.

Surprisingly, SPM showed an increase of 54% in SPM values after COVID-19 period, compared with during COVID-19 period. Results revealed that the mean SPM values during COVID-19 period (4.56 mg/L) were lower than that before COVID-19 period (8.33 mg/L). A quantitative and spatial analyses of before (20 th May 2019), during (22 nd May 2020), and after COVID-19 (28 th May 2022) periods were also calculated. The SPM values were estimated from Landsat 8 images Level-2 product. In this study, we analyzed the improvement in water quality by evaluating the suspended particulate matter (SPM) using the remote sensing technique in a tropical South Sumatra wetland i.e., Musi River in Southern Sumatra, Indonesia. It is declared that there was an environmental betterment in names of water quality and air quality during the COVID-19 period. The COVID-19 outbreak affected the world badly in this 21 st century leading to the closure of all types of anthropogenic activities.

South sumatra indonesia